The kinetic molecular theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. Kinetic molecular theory intensely outlines the molecular behavior of a gas. All particles have energy, but the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in. The kinetic molecular theory of matter main ideas the kinetic molecular theory explains the constant motion of gas particles. All particles have energy, and the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in, which determines if the substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. In this model, the submicroscopic particles atoms or molecules that make up the gas are continually moving around in random motion, constantly colliding not only with each other but also with the sides of any container that the gas is. These concern the discovery of an exact kinetic equation and a related exact htheorem both holding. The kinetic theory of matter also helps us to understand other properties of matter. Kinetic molecular theory of gases introductory chemistry. All particles have energy, and the energy varies depending on the temperature the. Chapman and cowling, the mathematical theory of nonuniform. Pdf in this study, we investigated students understanding of concepts related to the microscopic model. In other words, the particles of matter have kinetic energy. Highlights are presented regarding recent developments of the kinetic theory of granular matter.
Kinetic theory of matter by ron kurtus physics lessons. The kinetic molecular theory states of matter and the. Much of section 2 of these notes follows the path laid down in the these books. The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in different states of matter.
The kinetic theory of gases is a historically significant, but simple, model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases, with which many principal concepts of thermodynamics were established. We will describe these by their general motion and amounts of kinetic energy as follows. Real gases do not behave according to the kinetic molecular theory. Imparts the similarities and differences between ratified and condensed matter, classical and quantum systems as well as real and ideal gases. Kinetic molecular theory of matter boundless chemistry. Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetic theory of matter. When freon gas is compressed, the walls moving inward or piston adds kinetic energy to the molecules which in turn causes the gas to increase in temperature. Pdf development of the kinetic molecular theory of gases concept. Kinetic molecular theory can be used to explain both charles and boyles laws. Kinetic molecular theory is useful in describing the properties of solids, liquids and gases at the molecular level. Oct 19, 2006 the kinetic molecular theory makes the following assumptions that are. Reif ends with a much wider ranging discussion of kinetic theory, transport and stochastic processes. The kinetic molecular theory of matter by the end of the lesson you will be able to. The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that.
Evaluating students understanding of kinetic particle theory concepts relating to the states of matter, changes of state and diffusion. Once again, the postulates of kinetic molecular theory, in shortened form matter be molecules. The molecular theory contains five general postulates a thing suggested or assumed as true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. The kineticmolecular theory kmt is a theory of ideal gases. Kinetic molecular theory of matter flashcards quizlet. The kinetic molecular theory of matter linkedin slideshare. Know that atoms are the smallest particle that can exist on its own. Kinetic molecular theory read chemistry ck12 foundation.
The model describes a gas as a large number of identical submicroscopic particles atoms or molecules, all of which are in constant, rapid, random motion. The theory accounts for the physical properties of gases. The kinetic molecular theory of matter explains how matter can change among the phases of solid, liquid, and gas. Study 35 terms kineticmolecular theorystates of matter. The kinetic theory of matter states that the matter is made up of tiny particles that move all the time. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to absolute temperature only. From the kinetic theory, it is known that the pressure exerted by gas molecules on the walls of the container depends on. Introduction to kinetic molecular theory, feb 19 20. In which of the changes of state will heat energy be absorbed. This theory is based on three theories about matter.
Kinetic molecular theory kmt the idea that particles of matter are always in motion and that this motion has consequences. Kinetic theory of matter and how kinetic energy relates to the state of matter. Pdf evaluating students understanding of kinetic particle theory. Because most of the volume occupied by a gas is empty space, a gas has a low density and can expand or contract under the appropriate influence.
Matter is composed of small particles atoms, molecules, and ions. Understand about states of matter, and kinetic theory of matter. Kinetic theory and the states of matter the science classroom. Start studying kineticmolecular theorystates of matter.
Matter is composed of small particles atoms, molecules, and. As the amount of motion of an object increases, kinetic energy also increases. Theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. The kinetic molecular theory explains the physical properties of gases. Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. Kinetic molecular theory states that gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit perfectly elastic collisions. This theory is also called the kineticmolecular theory of matter and the kinetic theory of gases. Although ideal gases do not actually exist, many gases behave nearly ideally if pressure is not very high or temperature is not very low. In fact, this supposition that atoms make up all matter is important to our understanding of what thermodynamics is all about. Whether matter is a solid, liquid or gas, the particles move all the time. The molecular model uses this idea that all materials are made up of atoms that behave rather like tiny spheres. Explain why matter exists in different states by using the kineticmolecular theory.
The molecular theory shows how individual particles interact with one another. This video is a remake of a really old video i made for a science class when i was a junior in high school. Explain each of the following observations using the kinetic. List the five assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases. All matter is made up of tiny, invisible, moving particles. The kineticmolecular theory the basic assumptions of kineticmolecular theory are. The kinetic molecular theory of matter offers a description of the microscopic properties of atoms or molecules and their interactions, leading to observable macroscopic properties such as pressure, volume, temperature. Kinetic molecular theory particle nature in this video a solid, a liquid and a gas are demonstrated in animation form using the kinetic molecular theory, in terms of particles of matter.
In this live grade 10 physical sciences show we look at states of matter and the kinetic molecular theory. In this lesson we use the kinetic molecular theory to consider properties of three states. The kinetic molecular theory is a set of statements that describe the behavior of gases gases are made up of a large number of small particles these particles are in constant random motion the speed kinetic energy that these particles travel at is directly related to their temperature the particles collide with each other and the walls. This is possible as the interatomic forces, which are short range forces that are important for solids and liquids, can be neglected for gases.
The kinetic molecular theory of gases describes this state of matter as composed of tiny particles in constant motion with a lot of distance between the particles. The kinetic theory of gases is a scientific model that explains the physical behavior of a gas as the motion of the molecular particles that compose the gas. The kinetic molecular theory of matter introduction to. It is important to realise that what we will go on to describe is only a theory.
Feb, 2014 in this live grade 10 physical sciences show we look at states of matter and the kinetic molecular theory. Modern refrigeration is a practical application of the kinetic molecular thoery. The kinetic molecular theory kmt is a model used to explain the behavior of matter. An application of the theory is that it helps to explain why matter exists in different phases solid, liquid, and gas and how matter can change from one phase to the next. Mar 03, 20 the kinetic molecular theory and the nature of gasesthe kinetic molecular theory applies only to ideal gases. The kinetic theory of matter helps us to explain why matter exists in different phases i. What are the applications of the kinetic molecular theory.
Both huang and kardar treat kinetic theory and the boltzmann equation before they move onto statistical mechanics. Postulate 1 zgases consist of discrete molecules that are relatively far apart. Kinetic molecular theory also known as particle theory states that all matter is made up particles and these particles are always in motion. Back then, i thought i could do 3d even though i was terrible. Kinetic theory and states of matter kinetic molecular theory kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. Development of the kinetic molecular theory of gases concept. The actual atomic theory got established more than 150 years later.
State the kinetic molecular theory of matter, and describe how it explains certain properties of matter. Kinetic theory is the theory that matter is made up of atoms, and that these atoms are always in motion. The kinetic molecular theory of gases described in chapter 10 gases gives a reasonably accurate description of the behavior of gases. A similar model can be applied to liquids, but it must take into account the nonzero volumes of particles and the presence of strong intermolecular attractive forces. Feb 10, 2010 7 the kinetic molecular theory primary describes gases this theory contains five basic statements about gases molecules and helps us to better understand the behavior of gases 8. Gases consist of a large number of atoms or molecules that are generally identical in shape and size and are spaced very far apart. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
232 1457 952 1385 1025 1506 1063 1231 488 1065 957 1128 1432 345 1146 3 1581 652 175 1517 1514 1317 1033 787 23 324 986 1626 1014 988 479 1623 1360 1041 642 319 92 386 156 868 1111 188